Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
A simple and painless method of assisted conception
What is intrauterine insemination (IUI)
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a relatively non-invasive method of assisted reproduction. During the procedure, prepared sperm is placed directly into the woman’s uterus, bringing it closer to the fallopian tubes and increasing the chances of fertilization. IUI is typically used in cases of mild infertility factors and often serves as the first step before in vitro fertilization (IVF).
The procedure is brief, painless, and performed in a clinical setting without the need for anesthesia or hospitalization.
When IUI is recommended
Mild male infertility
Low sperm motility or count without severe dysfunction.
Unexplained infertility
When no clear cause is identified but natural conception has not occurred.
Difficulties with intercourse or sexual dysfunction
When natural deposition of sperm in the vagina is problematic.
Absent or irregular ovulation
When ovulation is stimulated with medication and timed to align with insemination.
How the procedure is performed
IUI relies on precise timing of ovulation and sperm preparation to enhance the chances of fertilization. The woman’s cycle is monitored with ultrasounds and possibly medication to induce or support ovulation. On the day of insemination, a semen sample is collected and processed in the lab to isolate the most motile sperm.
The prepared sample is then inserted into the uterus with a thin catheter. If needed, luteal phase support is given with hormones such as progesterone to assist implantation.
Factors that affect success
Woman’s age
Success rates are higher in women under 35 due to better egg and endometrial quality.
Sperm quality and processing
Motility and concentration after lab preparation greatly influence outcomes.
Timing in relation to ovulation
Properly aligning insemination with ovulation is key to success.
Underlying medical conditions
Endometriosis, uterine polyps, or adhesions may reduce effectiveness.
Advantages and limitations of the method
IUI offers a safe and accessible option, with lower cost and fewer complications than other methods. It is non-invasive, painless, and does not require anesthesia or clinic stay. It is a more affordable option than IVF and can be repeated in subsequent cycles without significant burden.
However, for more complex infertility cases, IVF may be more appropriate due to IUI’s limited efficacy.
Psychological support and preparation
Although IUI is a simple procedure, it occurs during an emotionally intense period for the couple. Managing expectations and being informed about the realistic success rates and next steps is essential. Emotional support for the woman and the couple helps reduce stress and improve the overall experience.
In the event of failure, proper guidance from the medical team ensures clarity and support in choosing the next course of action. IUI also gives couples a sense of agency and progress in their fertility journey.
Intrauterine insemination is a well-established, accessible, and safe option in assisted reproduction. It may yield excellent outcomes in selected cases and often serves as a stepping stone on the path to parenthood. With the right guidance, emotional support, and medical planning, IUI can bring couples one step closer to their goal of pregnancy.