Contraception
Information, choice, and freedom in women’s sexual health
What is contraception
Contraception is one of the most important tools for autonomy and prevention in every woman’s life. It provides the ability to plan pregnancy, maintain reproductive health, and protect against sexually transmitted infections.
Proper information and guidance from a gynecologist assist in choosing the appropriate method based on each woman’s needs, age, and lifestyle.
Main categories of contraceptive methods
Hormonal methods
Includes contraceptive pills, vaginal ring, patch, and monthly or quarterly injection. They regulate ovulation and the menstrual cycle with high effectiveness.
Intrauterine methods (IUDs)
Copper or hormonal (Mirena®), placed in the uterus, offering protection for 3–5 years.
Barrier methods
Such as condoms (male or female) and diaphragms. They also protect against sexually transmitted infections.
Permanent methods
Tubal ligation or vasectomy are considered irreversible options, suitable for those who have completed their family planning.
Which method is suitable for each woman
The choice depends on age, medical history, future pregnancy desires, and personal preferences. Young women without children often opt for hormonal methods or condoms due to ease and reversibility.
For breastfeeding women, specific hormonal methods without estrogen (e.g., mini-pill or implant) are recommended. Women with a medical history should be assessed for the suitability of hormonal therapy or offered non-hormonal options. For those who do not wish to have more children, long-term IUDs or surgical sterilization may be considered.
How effective are contraceptive methods
Hormonal methods (pill, ring, injection)
Over 91% effective, reaching up to 99% with correct use.
Intrauterine methods
Among the most reliable, with protection rates exceeding 99%.
Condoms
Provide 85% effectiveness with typical use and additional protection against sexually transmitted infections.
Permanent methods
Nearly 100% effective but require a mature decision due to irreversibility.
Emergency contraception and myths
There are solutions for situations where protection was not used or a method failed. Emergency contraception pills should be taken as soon as possible (ideally within 12–24 hours) and are more effective the earlier they are administered.
The intrauterine device can also be used as emergency contraception if inserted within 5 days after unprotected intercourse, providing long-term protection.
Contraception is a personal choice and a right for every woman. With the guidance of a gynecologist, the most suitable method can be selected according to each stage of life. Accurate information not only protects against unintended pregnancies but also empowers sexual health, self-determination, and confidence in one’s body.