Cervical Pathology
Lesions and conditions requiring timely diagnosis and monitoring
The cervix
The cervix is a critical area for women’s health as it is susceptible to infections, inflammation, and precancerous lesions. Cervical abnormalities are more common in women of reproductive age and can be detected through preventive screenings such as the Pap test and HPV DNA test.
Common cervical conditions
HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection and can cause genital warts in the cervical area. Precancerous lesions, categorized as CIN 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3, manifest as cellular changes in the cervix and require close monitoring. Additionally, cervical inflammation (cervicitis) can result from infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea.
Lastly, polyps are benign growths in the cervix that may cause bleeding or irritation.
Symptoms and clinical presentation
Bleeding after sexual intercourse
May indicate inflammation or lesions in the cervix.
Vaginal discharge with a foul odor
Often a sign of infection or inflammation.
Lower abdominal pain
Especially in cases of extensive inflammation or cervical polyps.
Bleeding between periods
A potential sign of hormonal imbalance or cervical polyps.
Diagnosis and testing
Diagnosis of cervical lesions involves a combination of tests, including the Pap test to detect precancerous or cancerous changes and the HPV DNA test to identify high-risk HPV strains.
Colposcopy provides a more detailed examination of the cervix using a specialized microscope, while cervical biopsy allows histological analysis of tissue samples.
Treatment and management options
Prevention and care
Preventing cervical lesions includes HPV vaccination, which significantly reduces the risk of developing precancerous lesions.
Regular screening through Pap tests and HPV DNA testing, the use of condoms, and adopting healthy habits such as a balanced diet and smoking cessation strengthen the immune system and minimize the risk of complications.
Cervical pathology is a vital aspect of preventing and detecting precancerous and cancerous lesions early. Awareness, regular monitoring, and timely treatment are essential steps to maintaining cervical health and overall gynecological well-being.